List of Shan States and Their Rulers

The Shan State of Burma (Myanmar) was once made up of a large number of traditional monarchies or fiefdoms. Three ranks of chiefs where recognized by the Burmese king and later by the British administration. These ranks were Saopha or Chaofa (Shan for king or chieftain) or Sawbwa in Burmese, Myosa ("duke" or chief of town), and Ngwegunhmu (silver revenue chief).

Shan states

Hierarchy and Precedence

The distinction in the titles dates from the days of the Burmese monarchy although the same states have not continued to hold the same titles for their chiefs during the centuries --- changes took place according to royal favour, results of battles and later, the decisions of the British authorities. The privileges and titles were so much a matter of royal ordinance that every one of a Sawbwa's symbols of power was laid down in a special book of dispensations granted by the higher court. His regalia and clothes, the guilding and jewel decoration of betel boxes, spittoons, fly-whisks and such articles of use, the dress of ministers, the umbrellas, spears and horses in procession, the caparisoning of the royal elephant, the instruments for processional music, the gateways and the style of residence, all were rigidly prescribed to ensure that the dignity kept up accordance with the status of a royal chieftain, yet did not encroach on the special privileges reserved for the court of Ava itself. The British, whose success in administration was largely bound up with observance, of precedence in a hierarchy, listed states also as Sawbaships, Myosaships and Ngwegunhmuships.

The follwing lists the Sawbwas in order of the precedence, at the time of the British annexation of the Shan States.

State	Area (sq. mi)	Classical Name	Notes
Sawbwas
Kengtung	12,400	Khemarata Tungaburi
Hsipaw	4,524	Dutawadi
Mongnai	2,717	Saturambha/Nandapwa
Yawnghwe	1,392	Kambawsarata
Tawngpeng	800	Pappatasara
South Hsenwi	2,400	Siwirata or Kawsampi	Also known as Mongyai
North Hsenwi	6,330	Siwirata or Kawsampi
Mongmit	3,733	Gandhalarata
Mongpai	730
Lawksawk	2,362	Hansawadi?
Laikha	1,560	Hansawadi
Mawkmai	2,557	Lawkawadi
Mongpan	2,988	Dhannawadi
Mongpawn	366	Rajjawadi
Manglun		Jambularata
Kantarawadi	3,015
Samka	314
Mongkung	1,593	Lankawadi
Myosas
Nawngwawn	28	Pokkharawadi	Amalgamated with Mong Pawn, 1931
Mongnawng	1,646	Nandawadi
Mongsit
Kehsi-bansam	551
Mawnang			Amalgamated with Hsamongkham, 1934
Loilong (Pinlaung)	1,098
Hsahtung	471
Wanyin	219
Hopong	212
Namkhok	108		Amalgamated with Mong Pawn, 1931
Sakoi	82
Mongshu	470	Hansawadi
Kenglun	54		Amalgamated with Kehsh Bansam, 1926
Bawlake	565
Kyetbogyi	700
Hsamongkham	449
Baw	741
Pwela	178
Ngwegunhmus
Yengan (Ywangan)	359
Pangtara (Pindaya)	86
Pangmi	30
Loi-ai	156		Amalgamated with Hsamongkham, 1930
Kyaukku	76		Amalgamated with Pwela, 1928
Loimaw	48		Amalgamated with Yawnghwe, 1928
Kyone	24
Namtok	14		Amalgamated with Loilong, 1931

Baw (Maw)

Hopong (Hopon)

under a Myosa (no current information)

Hsahtung (Thaton)

1781-? Hkun Samu
? Descendants of Hkun Samu
1839 - ? Hkun Kyaw Le
?
? - 1905 Hkun Law
1905- 1930 Sao Hkun Sing
1930- 1957 Sao Hkun Kyi
1957 -1959 Sao Aung Myint

Hsamönghkam (Thamaingkan)

Founded before 1700 and under a Myosa, its known rulers were:

1807 - 18.. Maung Shwe Pon
1825 - 1834 Maung Shwe E (1st time)
1834 - 18.. Maung Me (1st time)
18.. - 1847 Maung Shwe E (2nd time)
1847 - 1848 Maung Me (2nd time)
1848 - 1867 Maung Shwe Min (1st time)
1867 Maung Lin (1st time)
1867 - 18.. Maung Tha U
18.. - 1876 Maung Kyi
1876 - 18.. Maung Lin (2nd time)
18.. - 1885 Maung Su Ka
1885 - 1886 Maung Shwe Min (2nd time)
1886 - 19.. Maung Hpo

Hsawnghsup (Thaungdut)

Founded before 1858 under a Saopha, it ceased to exist in 1893. The rulers were:

x-x Sao Aung Ba
1858? -1880 Sao Shwe Maung
1880 - 1893 Sao Kan Mun

Hsenwi (Theinni)

Hsenwi sets its legendary foundation before 650. It was ruled by a Saopha and ceased to exist in March 1888, when it was split into North Hsenwi and South Hsenwi. The rulers were:

1778 - 1800 Sao Hswe Cheng (Kon)
1800 - 1815 Sao Hsö Kaw
1815 - 1819 Mogaung Wun -Regent
1819 - 1821 Sao Naw Möng
1821 - 1824 Hkun Hkam Hkawt
1824 - 1827 Sao Hkam Pak
1827 - 1831 Sao Hkam Nan
1831 - 1838 Sao Hkun Maung Lek
1838 - 1845 Sao Hkam Leng (Hsö Hkan Hpa)
1845 - 1848 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (1st time)
1848 - 1853 Vacant
1853 - 1855 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (2nd time)
1855 - 1858 Vacant
1858 - 1860 Sao Hpa Mawng Hpa (1st time)
1860 - 1863 Vacant
1863 - 1864 Sao Hpa Mawng Hpa (2nd time)
1864 - 1866 Shwe Pyi Bo
1866 - 1867 U Ma Nga
1867 - 1869 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (3rd time)
1869 - 1873 Vacant
1873 - 1874 Win Hmu
1874 - 1875 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (4th time)
1875 - 1876 Natsu Letya
1876 - 1879 Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (5th time)
1879 - 1888 Hkun Hsang Ton Hong

North Hsenwi

Created in March 1888 from Hsenwi state. the main state was split into two, North and South Hsenwi.

Mar 1888 -x Hkun Hsang Ton Hong
1927 - 1959 Sao Hom Hpa

South Hsenwi

Created in March 1888 by the splitting of the Hsenwi state. The state is also know is Mong Yai. The rulers were:

1888 - 1913 Sao Naw Möng
1913 - 1946 Sao Song
1946 - 1959 Sao Hso Hom

Hsihkip (Thigyit)

Founded before 600, it ceased to exist in 1886, when it was incorporated into Yawnghwe. It was ruled by a Myosa and the rulers were:

1800? Hkun Chok
18.. - 18.. Hkun Hpe
18.. - 18.. Hkun Daw
18.. - 18.. Maung Paw
18.. - 18.. Maung Paik
18.. - 18.. Hkun Hmom
18.. - 18.. Hkam Lin -Regent
184. - 184. Hkun Nyun
184. - 1848 Twet Kye -Regent
1848 - 1851 Hkun Ywe
1851 - 1862 Hkun Ton
1863 - 1870 Son Hkun Hpon
1870 - 1886 Maung Hnya

Hsipaw (Thibaw)

Founded, according to legend, in 58 BC, it was ruled by a Saopha. Its formal name was Dutawadi. For the state capital see Thibaw.

1788 - 1809 Sao Hswe Kya
1809 - 1843 Sao Hkun Hkwi
1843 - 1853 Sao Hkun Paw
1853 - 1866 Sao Kya Htun
1866 - 18.. Sao Kya Hkeng
1886 - 1902 Hkun Saing
1902 - 1928 Sao Hke
1928 - 1938 Sao On Kya
1938 - 1947 Under direct British administration
1947 - 1962 Sao Kya Seng

Kehsi Mangam (Kyithi Bansan)

1860 - 1881 Hkun Yawt
1881 - .... Hkun Yawt Seng

Kengcheng (Kyaingchaing)

1813 - 18xx Hpaya Möng Hkon

Kenghkam (Kyaingkan)

Myosas:

1811 - 1854 Bodaw Sao Hkam Yi
1855 - 1864 Sao Hkun Mwe
1864 - 1870 Naw Hkam Leng
1870 - 1874 Incorporated into Möngnai
1874 - 1878 Sao Hkun Long
1878 - 1882 Incorporated into Möngnai
1882 - 188. Sao Naw Süng
188. - 19.. Hkun Un

Kenglön (Kyainglon)

Myosas:

1857 - 1873 Maung Pwin
1873 - 1874 Naw Hkam U
1874 - 1888 Hkun Tawn
1888 - 19.. Hkun Mawng

Kengtung (Kyaingtong)

For the state capital see Kengtong.

1243-1247 Mang Kun (Delegate of Mang Rai, founder of Kengtung State)
1247-1253 Mang Kyin
1253-1264 A son of Mang Rai with a monk in joint charge
1264-1317 Sao Nam Nam
1317-1324 Sao Hsam Mun Hwe
1324-1342 Sao Lak
1342-1360 Sao Hsai Nan
1360-1370 Sao Yu
1379-1387 Sao Sit Pan Tu
1387-1390 Sao Ai Awn
1390-1403 Ai Wu Hsa
1403-1460 Yi Hkam Hka
1416-1441 Sao Hsam
1441-1456 Sao Hsam si-li
1456-1474 Ai Lao Hkam
1474-1501 Ai Lao
Sao Naw Kiao (son of Ai Lao Hkam)
Hsai Hkaw (son of Ai Lao Hkam)
Hsai Hpom (son of Ai Lao Hkam)
Sao Hsam (son of Ai Lao Hkam)
Sao Kham Mu (son of Ai Lao Hkam)
1523-1560 Hpaya Kiao (a monk called to rule)
1560-1598 Sao Mong Hka
1598-1620 Sao Hkam Tao
1620-1637 Sao Mong Hkak
Sao On
Sao In Hkam
Sao Awk
Sao Mong Saik
Sao Hsam Hpi
1730-1740 Maung Nyo (Yawnghwe Shan sent from Ava)
Sao Mong Sin
Sao Mong Hsam
1787-1804 Sao Kawng Tai
1813-1857 Sao Maha Hkanan
1857-1876 Sao Maha Hpom
1876-1881 Sao Hkam Hseng
1881-1886 Sao Kawng Tai
1886-1897 Sao Kawng Hkam
1895-1935 Sao Kawng Kiao Intaleng
1935-1937 Sao Kawng Tai
1937-1959 Sao Sai Long

Kokang

Ruled and founded by the Yang dynasty,it was founded in 1739 by Yang Shien Tsai, Chief of Shin Da Hu. Later his successor Yang Wei Shin expanded his territory and renamed it Kho Kan Shan. Yang Yon Gen then finally renamed it to Kokang. The first 2 reigned as chiefs, the 3rd assumed the title of Heng which was to be held until Yang Chun Yon assumed the Myosa title. Colonel Sao Yang Wen Pin assumed the title of Saopha, after the British recognised Kokang in 1947 as a state for services in the Second World War; it lasted until the state ceased to exist in 1959. The rulers were:

1739 - 1758 Yang Shien Tsai, Chief of Shin Da Hu
1758 - 1795 Yang Wei Shin, Chief of Kho Kan Shan
1795 - 1840 Yang Yon Gen, Heng of Kokang
1840 - 1874 Yang Guo Hwa, Heng of Kokang
1874 - 1916 Yang Guo Zhen, Heng of Kokang
1916 - 1927 Yang Chun Yon, Heng and Myosa of Kokang
1927 - 1949 Colonel Sao Yang Wen Pin, Saopha of Kokang
1949 - 1959 Sao Edward Yang Kyein Tsai, Saopha of Kokang.

Kyon

Kyawkku Hsiwan (Kyaukku)

Ngwegunhmus:

1783 - 1820 Nga Kaw Tha
1820 - 1821 Nga Thi Ri
1821 - 1843 Nga Chit Win
1844 - 1852 Nga Shwe Maung I (1st time)
1852 - 1856 Nga Shwe Yit -Regent
1856 - 1863 Nga Shwe Maung I (2nd time)
1863 - 1865 Nga Yan Kon -Regent
1865 - 1873 Nga San
1873 - 1874 Nga Shwe Maung II -Regent
1874 - 1876 Nga Tha U -Regent
1876 - 1877 Nga Tun -Regent
1877 - 1893 Nga Thaing

Laihka (Lègya)

Myosas:

1794 - 1803 Law Na
1803 - 1807 La Hkam
1807 - 18xx Hkun Lek
18xx - 1854 Hkun Lek
1854 - 1856 Shwe Ok Hka (Shwe Taung Kyaw)
1856 - 1860 Hkun Long
1860 - 1862 Sao Hkam Mawng (1st time)
1862 - 1866 Hkun Hkawt
1866 - 1868 .... (female)
1868 - 1879 Sao Hkam Mawng (2nd time)
1879 - 1882 Vacant
1882 - 1928 Hkun Lai
1928 - 1952 Sao Num

Lawksawk (Yatsauk)

Saophas

1791 - 1811 Hkun Sam Lik
May 1812 - 1813 On Gaing
1813 - 1850 Hkun Shwe Ek
1850 - Dec 1854 Vacant
Dec 1854 - 1881 Sao Waing (1st time)
1886 - Jan 1887 Sao Waing (2nd time)
Jan 1887 - Oct 1887 Bo Saing -Regent
9 Oct 1887 - 1900 Hkun Nu
1900 - 1946 Hkun Hsok
1946 - 1958 Hkun Hsa

Loi-ai (Lwe-e)

Ngwegunhmus

.... - 1814 Paw Kyi
1814 - 1834 Maung Shwe
1834 - 1864 Kaw Thaw
1864 - 1868 Maung Kaing
1868 - 1870 Vacant
1870 - .... Hkun Shwe Kya

Loilong (Lwelong)

Ngwegunhmus

.... - 1854 Hkun Na (died 1854)
1854 - 1856 Hkun San Da (died 1856)
1856 - 1880 Hkun Pu (La Mu) (died 1882)

Myosas

1880 - 1882 Hkun Pu (La Mu)
1882 - .... Hkun Hkam Chok

Loimaw (Lwemaw)

Ngwegunhmus:

.... - 1834 Maung Hpo Gok
1834 - 1844 Maung Hpo Saw
1844 - 1847 Maung Lok
1847 Maung Shwe Daung
1847 - 1874 Maung Shwe Pyi (1st time)
1874 - 1876 Vacant
1876 - 1877 Maung Kya
12th February 1878 - 1880 Maung Meik
1880 - 1886 Maung Chit
1886 Maung At
1886 - 19.. Maung Shwe Pyi (2nd time)

Mawkmai

Manglon

Saohpas:

1814 - 1822 Hsö Hkam (Ta Awng) (died 1822)
1822 - 1852 Sao Hkun Sang
1852 - 1853 Uyaraza (died 1853)
1853 - 1860 Naw Hpa (died 1860)
1860 - 1881? Tön Hsang
1877 - 1892 Sao Maha (in West Manglön)
1892 - 1919 Tön Hsang Hang
1919 - 1946 Saw Hka Nan (lived 1892 - 1946)
1946 - 1952 Sao Man Laik (born 1922)

Monghsu

Mawkmai (Maukme)

Saohpas:

1800 - 1818 Hsai Kyaw
1818 - 1824 Awk Hkun
1824 - 1831 Let To
1831 - 1844 Hkam U
1844 - 1867 Ko Lan (1st time)
1867 - 1868 Hkum Hmôm I
1868 - 1887 Ko Lan (2nd time)
1887 - 1888 Hkun Hmôm II (1st time)
March 1888 - 1888 Hkun Noi Kyu
1888 - 1915 Hkun Hmôm II (2nd time)
1915 - 1952 Hkun Hkaing

Mawnang (Bawnin)

Myosas

1774 - .... Maung Myat (2nd time)
.... - .... Naw Hkam Lin
.... - .... Maung Kaung
.... - .... Maung Pot
.... - .... Maung Maung
.... - 1883 Hkun Hkam
1883 - 1886 Hkun Shwe Hkam -Regent
1886 - .... ....

Mawsön (Bawzaing)

Ngwegunhmus:

1784 - .... Maung Pwe
.... - .... Maung Kyaw
.... - .... Maung Waing
.... - .... Maung Nyun
1878 - .... Maung Kya Ywet

Möngkawng (Mogaung)

Saopha:

1785 - 1796 Yaw Pan Kyung

Mongkung

Myosa

1835 - 1860 Hkun Long

Möngleng (Mohlaing)

Myosas:

1840? Kya U
18.. - 1887 Hkam Leng

Mönglong

Myosas

1813?- 1842 Hsö Han Hpa
1842 - 1854 Hsö San Hpa (Hkun Hsa)
1854 - 1866 Hsö Kawn Kyawng
1866 - 18.. Hkun Nyon
18.. - 1880 Hkun Yawt
1880 - 188. Heng Nga Maung
188. - 1888 Hkun Saing (Hsawng)
1888 - 1894 Hkun Hsa
1894 - .... Sao Hke

Möngmit (Momeik)

Saohpas:

1830? Maung Hmaing
1837? Maung E Pu (1st time)
1850 - 1851 Maung E Pu (2nd time)
1851 - 1858 Hkun Te
1858 - 1861 Haw Kyin
1862 - 18.. Maung Yo
18.. - 1874 Hkam Mo
1874 - 1886 Vacant
1886 - 1887 Hkam Leng
1887 - 1937 Sao Kin Maung
Feb 1937 - 1952 Sao Hkun Hkio (born 1912)

Mong Nai (Monè)

Saophas:

1850 - 1875 Hkun Nu Nom
1875 - 1914 Hkun Kyi
6 May 1914 - 1928 Hkun Kyaw Sam
1928 - 1952 Hkun Kyaw Ho

Mongnawng

Myosas:

1851 - 1866 Heng Awn
1866 - 1868 Hkun Hkang
1868 - 19.. Hkun Tun

Mong Pai (Mobye)

Saohpas:

.... - 1803 ?
1803 - 1805 Hkun Pya (2nd time)
1805 - 1808 Hkam Maung
1808 - 1820 Hkam Hlaing (1st time)
1820 - 1823 Nga Kyi -Regent
1823 - Jul 1836 Hkam Hlaing (2nd time)
1836 - Feb 1891 Hkun Yon
1891 - 1908 Hkun ....
1908 - 1952 Sao Pin Nya

Mong Pan

Myosas:

.... - 1808 Naw Hkam
1809 - 1823 Mana Ne Myo
1823 - 1858 Maung Shwe Hkam
1858 - 1867 Hkun Tun U

Saohpas

1867 - 1886 Hkun Tun U
1886 - .... Hkun Leng
1918 - 1952 Hkun On

Mong Pawng (Maing Pun)

Myosas:

1816 - 1860 Hkun Lek
1860 - 1880 Hkun Ti

Saohpas:

1880 - 1928 Hkun Ti
1928 - 19 Jul 1947 Sao Sam Htun (died 1947)
1947 - 1952 Ba Choe

Möngping (Maingpyin)

After 1842 this state was occupied by Lawksawk.

Rulers :

1835 - 1842 Hkam Hlaing
1842 - .... Hkam Kaw

Möngsit (Maingseik)

Myosas

1816 - 18.. ....
18.. - 1857 Sao Haw Pik
1857 - 18.. Hkun Kyaw San
18.. - 1873 Hkun Lu
1873 - 1876 ....
1876 - 1880 ....
1880 - 1883 Vacant
1883 - .... Hkam Pwin

Möngtung (Maington)

This state was cccupied by Hsenwi between 1886 and 1888.

Myosas:

.... - .... Hkun Sang Kang
.... - .... Hkun Kyaw Htam
.... - 1886 Hkun Hsa
1888 - 1896 Hkun Lun
1896 - 19.. Haw Yawt

Möngyang (Mohnyin)

State existed before 1400 and after 1604 .

Möngyawng

Myosas:

17.. - .... Inta Wasai
.... - .... ?
.... - .... Hsen Sulin (Surin Pumintha)
.... - .... Hsai Ya Kuman
.... - .... Sao Yawt

Namhkai (Nanke)

Ngwegunhmus:

1808 - 18.. Nga Dammaa
18.. - 1867 Hkun Pe (died 1867)
1867 - 1874 Hkun Pan (1st time) (died 1891)
1874 - 1876 Vacant
1876 - 1888 Hkun Hwaing
1888 - 13 Jan 1891 Hkun Pan (2nd time)
1891 - 19.. Hkun Kye

Namhkok (Nankok)

Myosas: .... - .... ....

Namhkom (Nankon)

Rulers: .... - .... ....

Namtok (Nantok)

Rulers:

.... - .... Maung Shwe Tha
.... - 1816 Tha Zan (died 1816)
1816 - 18.. Maung Yi

Ngegunhmus:

18.. - 18.. Maung Yi
18.. - 18.. Hkun Taw
18.. - 18.. Hkun Pwe
18.. - 18.. Hkun Pwang
18.. - 18.. Hkun Hmam
18.. - 9 Oct 1892 Hkun Pu (died 1892)
1892 - .... Hkun Maung

Namkhok-Nawngwawn

Panglawng

Pangmi

Sao Khun Min

Pangtara (Pindara)

Ngwegunhmus:

1796 - 1802 Maung Than
1802 - 1809 Maung Pe I
1809 - 1819 Maung Khan U
1819 - 1843 Maung Shwe Min
1843 - 184. Mi Thit (f)
184. - 184. Mi Sit (f)
184. - 1850 Maung Hpo Eik
1850 - 1851 Maung Shwe Thi -Regent
1851 - 1857 Maung Myat Hpu
1857 - 1859 Maung Pe II
1859 - 1860 Maung Lun Ya (1st time)
1860 - 1861 Maung Hpo
1862 - 1868 Maung Than (1st time) -Regent
1868 - 1869 Maung Lun Ya (2nd time)
1869 - 1871 Maung Than (2nd time)
1871 - 1877 Vacant
1877 - 1878 Maung Lun Ya (3rd time)
1878 - 1880 Vacant
1880 - 188. Maung Lun Ya (4th time)
188. - 1888 Vacant
1888 - 6 Jan 1897 Maung Hpo Hkin (died 1897)
1897 - 19.. Maung Sun Nyo

Pwehla (Poila)

Myosas:

Sakoi

Myosas:

.... - 1877 Hkun ....
1877 - .... Hkun Ton

Samka

Myosas:

.... - 1838 Hkun Ye
1838 - 1858 Hkun Sun (1st time)
1858 - 1860 Hkun Noi (1st time)
1860 - 1872 Hkun Sun (2nd time)
1873 - 1876 Sao Sein Bu (1st time)
1876 - 1883 Hkun Noi (2nd time)
1883 - 1885 Hkun Pwin
December 1885 - 1915 Sao Sein Bu (2nd time)
1915 - 1952 Hkun Kyi

Tawngpeng

Saophas:

1753 - 1759 Ta Dwe Ba
1760 - 1764 Ba Hkun Mya
1764 - 1775 Ba Hkun Saing
1775 - 1781 Ba Dwe Taw
1781 Ba Loi Lio
1781 - 1819 Ba Hkun Kein Möng
1819 - 1837 Ba Hkun Hso
1837 - 1846 Ba Hkun Tan Möng
1847 - 4 Sep 1856 Shwe Ok Hka (Shwe Taung Kyaw)
1856 - 1865 Hkun Hsa (Ba Hkam Hkun Shinye)
1865 - 1868 Aung Tha
1868 - 1877 Kwan Kon
1877 - 1887 Hkun Hkam Möng
1888 - 1897 Hkam Tan Möng (Hkun Kyan)
1897 - 1926 Hkun Hsan Gawn
Aug 1926 - 1952 Hkun Pan Sing

Wanmaw (Bhamo)

This state existed 1470-1772,when it was incorporated into Burma.

Wanyin (Banyin)

Rulers:

1865 - 1874 Hkun Saw

Myosas:

1874 - 1893 Hkun Saw
1893 - Jul 1897 Hkun Long
1897 - 19.. Hkun Han

Yawnghwe (Nyaungshwe)

The formal and the ritual name of the state was Kambosarattha, in short term Kanbawza .The rulers full titular style was Kambawsarahta Thiri Pawaramahawuntha Thudamaraza. For the state capital see Nyaung Shwe.

1762 - 1815 Sao Yun
1815 - 1852 Sao U
1852 - 1858 Sao Se Hom
1858 - 1864 Sao Naw Hpa
23 Oct 1864 - 1886 Sir Saw Maung (1st time)
1886 - 1897 Sao On
1897 - Dec 1926 Sir Saw Maung 2nd time) (32nd Saopha)
Sep 1927 - 1952 Sao Shwe Thaik (33rd Saopha)

Ywangan (Yengan)

Ngwegunhmus:

.... - .... ....

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