Myanmar Facts and Figures

Basic Facts

Official name Union of Myanmar
Capital Pyinmana (administrative); Yangon (commercial)
Area 676,552 sq km

People
Population 47,373,958 (2007 estimate)
Population growth
Population growth rate 0.81 percent (2007 estimate)
Projected population in 2025 52,995,497 (2007 estimate)
Projected population in 2050 54,430,334 (2007 estimate)
Population density 72 persons per sq km (2007 estimate)
Urban/rural distribution
Share urban 31 percent (2005 estimate)
Share rural 69 percent (2005 estimate)

Largest cities, with population
Yangon 4,196,000 (2000 estimate)
Mandalay 532,949 (1983)
Moulmein 219,961 (1983)
Pegu 150,528 (1983)
Bassein 144,096 (1983)

Ethnic groups
Burman 68 percent
Shan 9 percent
Karen 7 percent
Arakanese (Rakhine) 4 percent
Chinese 3 percent
Mon 2 percent
Indian 2 percent
Other 5 percent

Languages
Burmese (official); minority ethnic groups have their own languages

Religious affiliations
Buddhist 73 percent
Indigenous beliefs 12 percent
Protestant 6 percent

Muslim 3 percent
Hindu 2 percent
Other 4 percent

Health and Education
Life expectancy
Total 62.5 years (2007 estimate)

Female 64.8 years (2007 estimate)
Male 60.3 years (2007 estimate)

Infant mortality rate 51 deaths per 1,000 live births (2007 estimate)

Population per physician 3,312 people (2004)

Population per hospital bed 1,667 people (2000)

Literacy rate
Total 86.2 percent (2005 estimate)

Female 82.8 percent (2005 estimate)

Male 89.6 percent (2005 estimate)


Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 0.5 percent (1999-2000)
Number of years of compulsory schooling 5 years (2002-2003)
Number of students per teacher, primary school 33 students per teacher (2002-2003)

Government
Form of government Military government
Voting qualifications Universal at age 18

Constitution
3 January 1974, suspended since 18 September 1988; process started to create a new constitution first in 1993, and again in 2004

Armed forces
Total number of military personnel 428,000 (2004)

Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) 9.6 percent (2003)

Economy
Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$) Not available

GDP per capita (U.S.$) Not available

GDP by economic sector
Agriculture, forestry, fishing 57.2 percent (2000)

Industry 9.7 percent (2000)
Services 33.1 percent (2000)

Employment
Number of workers 27,431,218 (2005)

Workforce share of economic sector
Agriculture, forestry, fishing 63 percent (1998)
Industry 12 percent (1998)
Services 25 percent (1998)
Unemployment rate Not available

National budget (U.S.$)
Total revenue $42,447 million (2002)

Total expenditure $34,433 million (2000)
Monetary unit 1 kyat (K), consisting of 100 pyas


Thailand, United States, India, China, and Singapore
Major trade partners for imports
China, Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, and Malaysia

Energy, Communications, and traansaporteshan
Electricity production
Electricity from thermal sources 63.38 percent (2003 estimate)
Electricity from hydroelectric sources 36.62 percent (2003 estimate)
Electricity from nuclear sources 0 percent (2003 estimate)
Electricity from geothermal, solar, and wind sources 0 percent (2003 estimate)
Number of radios per 1,000 people 65 (2000 estimate)
Number of telephones per 1,000 people 9 (2005)
Number of televisions per 1,000 people 7 (2000 estimate)
Number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people 0 (2000)
Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 people 9 (1998)
Number of motor vehicles per 1,000 people 1.6 (1997)
Paved road as a share of total roads 78 percent (1999)

Sources
Basic Facts and People sections
Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org).

Health and Education section
Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org).

Government section
Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data is from Military Balance.

Economy section
Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the statistical bureaus of individual countries, latest Europa World Yearbook, and various United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications.

Energy, Communication, and Transportation section
Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org).